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Humility Cooper (c.1619 - prior to 1651), of Leiden, Holland, traveled in 1620 on the voyage of the ship ''Mayflower'' as a one-year-old child in the company of the Edward Tilley family. Although Edward Tilley and his wife died the first winter in the New World, Humility survived to live her young life in Plymouth Colony, returning to England possibly in her teen years. Her fate in England is unknown.〔Charles Edward Banks, ''The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers: who came to Plymouth on the "Mayflower" in 1620, the "Fortune" in 1621'' and the "Anne" and "The Little James" in 1623 (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing 1965), p. 49〕〔Eugene Aubrey Stratton, ''Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620–1691,'' (Salt Lake City: Ancestry Publishing, 1986), p. 273〕〔Caleb H. Johnson, ''The Mayflower and her passengers,'' (Indiana: Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006), pp. 129, 234〕〔R. I. Ward, ''The Baronial Ancestry of Henry Sampson, Humility Cooper, and Ann (Cooper) Tilley,'' (The Genealogist 6:166-186).〕〔''A genealogical Profile of Humility Cooper,'' (a collaboration of Plimoth Plantation and New England Historic Genealogical Society accessed 2013) ''()''〕〔Pilgrim Hall Museum, (n.d.) ''Humility Cooper in 17th Century Records, Available: ''()''〕 Humility was born about 1619 in Holland to Robert Cooper and his wife Joan (Gresham) of Henlow in Bedfordshire, England. They are known to have been in Leiden with English Separatists as in a 1618 his name appears on a Leiden business agreement. She was a niece of Edward Tilley’s wife Ann, and with Humility’s father Robert Cooper apparently being Ann’s brother, who may have been a resident of Leiden, Holland at the time of Mayflower sailing.〔〔〔〔〔〔 ==The ''Mayflower'' Voyage== Edward and Ann Tilley came aboard the Mayflower without any children of their own, but in company with two young relatives of Ann’s – her sixteen-year-old nephew Henry Samson and her one-year-old niece Humility Cooper. Both children had apparently been given over to the Tilleys in Leiden, but the reason those two children were with them has never been fully explained.〔Charles Edward Banks, ''The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers: who came to Plymouth on the "Mayflower" in 1620, the "Fortune" in 1621'' and the "Anne" and "The Little James" in 1623 (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing 1965), pp. 49, 79〕〔Eugene Aubrey Stratton, ''Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620–1691,'' (Salt Lake City: Ancestry Publishing, 1986), p. 362〕〔Caleb H. Johnson, ''The Mayflower and her passengers,'' (Indiana: Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006), pp. 129, 234〕〔 Per William Bradford’s later recollection of this family: “Edward Tillie, and Ann, his wife; and *2 * children that were their cossens, Henery Samson and Humility Coper.”〔Eugene Aubrey Stratton, ''Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620–1691,'' (Salt Lake City: Ancestry Publishing, 1986), p. 46〕 Why Humility was in the custody of the Edward Tilleys is unknown – possibly her mother was deceased, and if she was an orphan, Ann Tilley, being childless, may have assumed custody in place of the child’s mother.〔Eugene Aubrey Stratton, ''Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620–1691,'' (Salt Lake City: Ancestry Publishing, 1986), p. 273〕〔 The ''Mayflower'' departed Plymouth England on September 6/16, 1620, the small 100 foot ship having 102 passengers with about 30 crew members. The first month in the Atlantic, the seas were not severe, but by the second month the ship was being hit by strong north-Atlantic winter gales causing the ship to be badly shaken with water leaks from structural damage. There were two deaths, but this was just a precursor of what happened after their Cape Cod arrival, when almost half the company would die in the first winter.〔Allison Lassieur Peter McDonnall ''The voyage of the Mayflower'' (Pub. Capstone Press, ©2006 Mankato, Minnesota)〕 On November 9/19, 1620, after about 3 months at sea, including a month of delays in England, they spotted land, which was Cape Cod. And after several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on November 11/21. The Mayflower Compact was signed that day. There were forty-one of the adult males, including the servants, who signed the Mayflower Compact on November 11, 1620.〔Eugene Aubrey Stratton. ''Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620-1691,'' (Salt Lake City: Ancestry Publishing, 1986), p. 413〕〔Allison Lassieur, Peter McDonnall ''The voyage of the Mayflower'' (Pub. Capstone Press, ©2006 Mankato, Minnesota)〕〔George Ernest Bowman, '' The Mayflower Compact and its signers'' (Boston: Massachusetts Society of Mayflower Descendants, 1920), Photocopies of the 1622, 1646 and 1669 versions of the document.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Humility Cooper」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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